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IPÇì´õÀÇ ±¸Á¶
±Û¾´ÀÌ : ÃÖ°í°ü¸®ÀÚ ³¯Â¥ : 2009-12-01 (È­) 10:56 Á¶È¸ : 11597
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IP (Internet Protocol)Çì´õÀÇ ±¸Á¶

0                                                                                  15 16                                                                               31

4bit

version

4-bit header

length

8-bit type of services

(TOS)

16-bit total length (in bytes)

16-bit identification

3-bit

flags

13-bit fragment offset

8-bit time to live

(TTL)

8-bit protocol

16-bit header checksum

20 bytes

32-bit source IP address

32-bit destination IP address

option (if any)

data

4bit version: ¹öÀüÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¿. ÇöÀç´Â IPv4¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ º¸¾È»ó ¹®Á¦°¡ ¸¹¾Æ À̸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ IPv6°¡ º¸ÆíÈ­ µÉ°ÍÀÓ  

4bit header length: µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¿µ¿ªÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¼ø¼ö Çì´õÀÇ ±æÀÌ. ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Àß »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ´ëºÎºÐ 5°¡ µÈ´Ù.(´ÜÀ§´Â 4byteÀÌ´Ù. 4*5=20bytes) ¸¸¾à ¿É¼ÇÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã 4byte¾¿À» ä¿ö¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

8bit type of service(TOS): ¾ÕÀÇ 3ºñÆ®´Â »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ³ª¸ÓÁö 1ºñÆ®´Â 0ÀÌ´Ù.

RFC1349¿¡¼­ ±ÇÀåÇÏ´Â ¼­ºñ½ºº° TOS¼³Á¤°ªÀÌ´Ù

16bit total length: IP µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ byte·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖ´ë±æÀÌ´Â 16ºñÆ®À̹ǷÎ, 2ÀÇ16Á¦°ö-1=65535bytes°¡ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ³Ñ°ÔµÇ¸é µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ºÐÇصǾî Àü¼ÛµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ´ÜÆíÈ­(Fragmentation)¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù.  

16bit Identification: IP°¡ Áߺ¹µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °ªÀ¸·Î IP Çì´õ¸¦ ±¸º°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ªÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ªÀº °è¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡µÇ¸ç ÃÖ´ë 65535±îÁö Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÌÈÄ ´Ù½Ã óÀ½À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Í¼­ Áõ°¡Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.  

3bit flages: À§¿¡¼­ ¸»Çß´ø ´ÜÆíÈ­¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Ç÷¡±×ÀÌ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú ù ¹ø° Ç÷¡±×´Â 0ÀÌ´Ù. µÎ ¹ø° Ç÷¡±×´Â DF(Don't Fragment)·Î, ´ÜÆíÈ­¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ´Â ºñÆ®ÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹ø° Ç÷¡±×´Â MF(More Fragment)·Î ´ÜÆíÈ­¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.  

13bit fragment offset:

MFµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ±× À§Ä¡ °ªÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ªÀÌ´Ù. ½±°Ô ¸»Çϸé ÂÉ°³°í ³ª¼­ ´Ù½Ã Á¶¸³ÇÒ ¶§ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ À§Ä¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. °¢ Á¶°¢³­ ÆÐŶÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ IPÇì´õ¸¦ °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ offset°ª¸¸ ´Ù¸£´Ù. ÀÌ °ªÀº ÈÄ¿¡ ÆÐŶÀ» ¹Þ´Â ÂÊ¿¡¼­ ÀçÁ¶¸³À» ÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÆÐŶÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â °ªÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ÆÐŶÀÌ Á¶°¢³ª¸é A, B´Â IPÇì´õÀÇ MF°ªÀ» 1·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¶Áö¸· ÆÐŶÀÎ C´Â 0À¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ °ªÀ¸·Î ÆÐŶÀÌ ¸ðµÎ µµÂøÇßÀ½À» ¾Ë¸®°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÆÐŶÀ» ÂÉ°¶ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÅ©±â´Â 8bytesÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÃÖ´ëÅ©±â´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ MTU¸¦ ³ÑÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿äÁòÀÇ ¸¹Àº OS¿¡¼­´Â 16¹ÙÀÌÆ® ÀÌÇÏ·Î ÆÐŶÀ» »ý¼ºÇϸé Àü¼ÛµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Àü¼ÛÇÏ°í ÇÏ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ Àü¼Û ¹öÆÛº¸´Ù Å« °æ¿ì ÀÌ ÆÐŶÀ» Àû´çÇÑ Å©±â·Î ºÐÇÒÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¶Ç´Â ¶ó¿ìÅ͸¦ Áö³ª¸é¼­ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ´É·Â(MTU)¿¡ ¸Â°Ô²û ÆÐŶÀ» ´Ù½Ã ºÐÇÒÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÆÐŶÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¸¹ÀÌ ÂÉ°³Áö¸é Åë½Å·®ÀÌ ¸¹¾ÆÁö°í È¿À²¼ºÀÌ ¶³¾îÁö¹Ç·Î ¹®Á¦°¡ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Áß°£ÀÇ Á¶°¢³­ ÆÐŶÀÌ ¼Õ½ÇµÇ¸é ÇØ´ç µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â Á¶¸³ÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϹǷΠ³ª¸ÓÁö¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ¹ö¸®´Â »óȲÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.  

ÆÐŶÀÇ µµÂø¼ø¼­´Â ¾Ë ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ »óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ¸ÕÀú Ãâ¹ßÇÑ ÆÐŶÀÌ ³ªÁß¿¡ ¿Ã ¼öµµ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç ÆÐŶÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ µû¶ó¼­ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.

-ÆÐŶÀÇ Á¶¸³°úÁ¤: ÆÐŶÀÌ µµÂøÇÏ¸é ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â °ªÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Â÷·Ê´ë·Î ÆÐŶÀ» ÀçÁ¶¸³ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. À̶§ ID(Identification)°ªÀº µ¿ÀÏÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ID°ª¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â °ªÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© ÆÐŶÀ» ÀçÁ¶¸³ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤À» °ÅÄ¡°Ô µÈ´Ù.

<------504 Octet------>

<------504 Octet------>

<------504 Octet------>

IPÇì´õ

IPÇì´õ

Data Fragment A

IPÇì´õ

Data Fragment B

IPÇì´õ

Data Fragment C

(IdentificatonÀº ¸ðµÎ °°°í offsetÀ¸·Î Data¼ø¼­¸¦ ±¸ºÐ½ÃŲ´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö IPÇì´õ´Â °°´Ù. Data Fragment´Â data.)

8bit time to live(TTL):

³×Æ®¿öÅ© »ó¿¡¼­ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¿À·§µ¿¾È »ì¾Æ³²À» ¼ö ÀÖÀ»Áö °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¼öÄ¡. ¶ó¿ìÅÍ Çϳª¸¦ Áö³¯ ¶§¸¶´Ù ÀÌ °ªÀº 1¾¿ ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù. ¸¸¾à °ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ µÇ¸é ÆÐŶÀº ¹ö·ÁÁø´Ù. TTL °ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ µÇ¸é ±× °á°ú¸¦ ICMPÆÐŶÀ¸·Î Ãâ¹ßÁö¿¡ µÇµ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.(¶ó¿ìÅ͹«Çѹݺ¹À» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇÑ TTL)

8bit Protocol:

¼ö½ÅÇÒ »óÀ§ °èÃþÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§Çؼ­ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Çʵ尡 »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °¡Àå Å« ÀÌÀ¯´Â ´ÙÁßÈ­ÀÇ Áö¿øÀÌ´Ù. ÇÑ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áø ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. TCP´Â 6¹ø, UDP´Â 17¹ø, ICMP´Â 1¹ø °ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

16bit header checksum:

IPÇì´õ¿¡¸¸ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. Çì´õ¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â 16°³ ºñÆ®°¢°¢ÀÇ 1ÀÇ º¸¼ö¸¦ ´õÇÑ´Ù. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ÇÕ°èÀÇ 1ÀÇ º¸¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Çʵå´Â TTLÇʵ尡 ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡¼­ °¨¼ÒµÇ¹Ç·Î, °¢ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡¼­ ´Ù½Ã °è»êµÇ¸ç ±×¿¡ µû¶ó IP Çì´õµµ ¼öÁ¤µÈ´Ù(16°³ÀÇ ºñÆ®°¡ Àüü IPÇì´õ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù)

32bit Source IP address, 32bit Destination IP address:

Ãâ¹ßÁö¿Í ¸ñÀûÁöÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°ªÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. IP ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ¹«¿¬°á ³×Æ®¿öÅ©À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¸ðµç IP µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥Àº Ãâ¹ßÁö¿Í ¸ñÀûÁö ÁÖ¼Ò °ªÀ» °¡Áö°í º¸³»Áø´Ù.

<RFC1349¿¡¼­ ±ÇÀåÇÏ´Â ¼­ºñ½ºº° TOS ¼³Á¤°ª>

Application

Minimize

delay

Maximize

throughput

Maximize

reliability

Minimize

monetary

cost

Hex

value

Telnet/Rlogin

1

0

0

0

0x10

FTP

control

1

0

0

0

0x10

data

0

1

0

0

0x08

any bulk data

0

1

0

0

0x08

TFTP

1

0

0

0

0x10

SMTP

command phase

1

0

0

0

0x10

data phase

0

1

0

0

0x08

DNS

UDP query

1

0

0

0

0x10

TCP query

0

0

0

0

0x00

zone transfer

0

1

0

0

0x08

ICMP

error

0

0

0

0

0x00

query

0

0

0

0

0x00

any IGP

0

0

1

0

0x04

SNMP

0

0

1

0

0x04

BOOTP

0

0

0

0

0x00

NNTP

0

0

0

1

0x02

 

 


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