IP (Internet Protocol)Çì´õÀÇ ±¸Á¶
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4bit
version
|
4-bit header
length
|
8-bit type of services
(TOS)
|
16-bit total length (in bytes)
|
|
16-bit identification
|
3-bit
flags
|
13-bit fragment offset
|
|
8-bit time to live
(TTL)
|
8-bit protocol
|
16-bit header checksum
|
20 bytes
|
32-bit source IP address
|
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32-bit destination IP address
|
|
option (if any)
|
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data
|
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4bit version: ¹öÀüÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¿. ÇöÀç´Â IPv4¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ º¸¾È»ó ¹®Á¦°¡ ¸¹¾Æ À̸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§Çؼ IPv6°¡ º¸ÆíÈ µÉ°ÍÀÓ
4bit header length: µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¿µ¿ªÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¼ø¼ö Çì´õÀÇ ±æÀÌ. ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Àß »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ´ëºÎºÐ 5°¡ µÈ´Ù.(´ÜÀ§´Â 4byteÀÌ´Ù. 4*5=20bytes) ¸¸¾à ¿É¼ÇÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã 4byte¾¿À» ä¿ö¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
8bit type of service(TOS): ¾ÕÀÇ 3ºñÆ®´Â »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ³ª¸ÓÁö 1ºñÆ®´Â 0ÀÌ´Ù.
RFC1349¿¡¼ ±ÇÀåÇÏ´Â ¼ºñ½ºº° TOS¼³Á¤°ªÀÌ´Ù
16bit total length: IP µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ byte·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖ´ë±æÀÌ´Â 16ºñÆ®À̹ǷÎ, 2ÀÇ16Á¦°ö-1=65535bytes°¡ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ³Ñ°ÔµÇ¸é µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ºÐÇصǾî Àü¼ÛµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ´ÜÆíÈ(Fragmentation)¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù.
16bit Identification: IP°¡ Áߺ¹µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °ªÀ¸·Î IP Çì´õ¸¦ ±¸º°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ªÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ªÀº °è¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡µÇ¸ç ÃÖ´ë 65535±îÁö Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÌÈÄ ´Ù½Ã óÀ½À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Í¼ Áõ°¡Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
3bit flages: À§¿¡¼ ¸»Çß´ø ´ÜÆíÈ¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Ç÷¡±×ÀÌ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú ù ¹ø° Ç÷¡±×´Â 0ÀÌ´Ù. µÎ ¹ø° Ç÷¡±×´Â DF(Don't Fragment)·Î, ´ÜÆíȸ¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ´Â ºñÆ®ÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹ø° Ç÷¡±×´Â MF(More Fragment)·Î ´ÜÆíȸ¦ ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
13bit fragment offset:
MFµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ±× À§Ä¡ °ªÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ªÀÌ´Ù. ½±°Ô ¸»Çϸé ÂÉ°³°í ³ª¼ ´Ù½Ã Á¶¸³ÇÒ ¶§ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ À§Ä¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. °¢ Á¶°¢³ ÆÐŶÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ IPÇì´õ¸¦ °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ offset°ª¸¸ ´Ù¸£´Ù. ÀÌ °ªÀº ÈÄ¿¡ ÆÐŶÀ» ¹Þ´Â ÂÊ¿¡¼ ÀçÁ¶¸³À» ÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ ÆÐŶÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â °ªÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ÆÐŶÀÌ Á¶°¢³ª¸é A, B´Â IPÇì´õÀÇ MF°ªÀ» 1·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¶Áö¸· ÆÐŶÀÎ C´Â 0À¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ °ªÀ¸·Î ÆÐŶÀÌ ¸ðµÎ µµÂøÇßÀ½À» ¾Ë¸®°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÆÐŶÀ» ÂÉ°¶ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÅ©±â´Â 8bytesÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÃÖ´ëÅ©±â´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ MTU¸¦ ³ÑÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿äÁòÀÇ ¸¹Àº OS¿¡¼´Â 16¹ÙÀÌÆ® ÀÌÇÏ·Î ÆÐŶÀ» »ý¼ºÇϸé Àü¼ÛµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Àü¼ÛÇÏ°í ÇÏ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ Àü¼Û ¹öÆÛº¸´Ù Å« °æ¿ì ÀÌ ÆÐŶÀ» Àû´çÇÑ Å©±â·Î ºÐÇÒÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¶Ç´Â ¶ó¿ìÅ͸¦ Áö³ª¸é¼ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ´É·Â(MTU)¿¡ ¸Â°Ô²û ÆÐŶÀ» ´Ù½Ã ºÐÇÒÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÆÐŶÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¸¹ÀÌ ÂÉ°³Áö¸é Åë½Å·®ÀÌ ¸¹¾ÆÁö°í È¿À²¼ºÀÌ ¶³¾îÁö¹Ç·Î ¹®Á¦°¡ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Áß°£ÀÇ Á¶°¢³ ÆÐŶÀÌ ¼Õ½ÇµÇ¸é ÇØ´ç µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â Á¶¸³ÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϹǷΠ³ª¸ÓÁö¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ¹ö¸®´Â »óȲÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÆÐŶÀÇ µµÂø¼ø¼´Â ¾Ë ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ »óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ¸ÕÀú Ãâ¹ßÇÑ ÆÐŶÀÌ ³ªÁß¿¡ ¿Ã ¼öµµ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç ÆÐŶÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ µû¶ó¼ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
-ÆÐŶÀÇ Á¶¸³°úÁ¤: ÆÐŶÀÌ µµÂøÇÏ¸é ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â °ªÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Â÷·Ê´ë·Î ÆÐŶÀ» ÀçÁ¶¸³ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. À̶§ ID(Identification)°ªÀº µ¿ÀÏÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ID°ª¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â °ªÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© ÆÐŶÀ» ÀçÁ¶¸³ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤À» °ÅÄ¡°Ô µÈ´Ù.
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<------504 Octet------>
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<------504 Octet------>
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<------504 Octet------>
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IPÇì´õ
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IPÇì´õ
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Data Fragment A
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IPÇì´õ
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Data Fragment B
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IPÇì´õ
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Data Fragment C
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(IdentificatonÀº ¸ðµÎ °°°í offsetÀ¸·Î Data¼ø¼¸¦ ±¸ºÐ½ÃŲ´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö IPÇì´õ´Â °°´Ù. Data Fragment´Â data.)
8bit time to live(TTL):
³×Æ®¿öÅ© »ó¿¡¼ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¿À·§µ¿¾È »ì¾Æ³²À» ¼ö ÀÖÀ»Áö °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¼öÄ¡. ¶ó¿ìÅÍ Çϳª¸¦ Áö³¯ ¶§¸¶´Ù ÀÌ °ªÀº 1¾¿ ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù. ¸¸¾à °ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ µÇ¸é ÆÐŶÀº ¹ö·ÁÁø´Ù. TTL °ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ µÇ¸é ±× °á°ú¸¦ ICMPÆÐŶÀ¸·Î Ãâ¹ßÁö¿¡ µÇµ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.(¶ó¿ìÅ͹«Çѹݺ¹À» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇÑ TTL)
8bit Protocol:
¼ö½ÅÇÒ »óÀ§ °èÃþÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§Çؼ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Çʵ尡 »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °¡Àå Å« ÀÌÀ¯´Â ´ÙÁßÈÀÇ Áö¿øÀÌ´Ù. ÇÑ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áø ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¼ºñ½º¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ Çϱâ À§Çؼ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. TCP´Â 6¹ø, UDP´Â 17¹ø, ICMP´Â 1¹ø °ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
16bit header checksum:
IPÇì´õ¿¡¸¸ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. Çì´õ¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â 16°³ ºñÆ®°¢°¢ÀÇ 1ÀÇ º¸¼ö¸¦ ´õÇÑ´Ù. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ÇÕ°èÀÇ 1ÀÇ º¸¼ö¸¦ ±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Çʵå´Â TTLÇʵ尡 ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡¼ °¨¼ÒµÇ¹Ç·Î, °¢ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡¼ ´Ù½Ã °è»êµÇ¸ç ±×¿¡ µû¶ó IP Çì´õµµ ¼öÁ¤µÈ´Ù(16°³ÀÇ ºñÆ®°¡ Àüü IPÇì´õ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù)
32bit Source IP address, 32bit Destination IP address:
Ãâ¹ßÁö¿Í ¸ñÀûÁöÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°ªÀ» °¡Áø´Ù. IP ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ¹«¿¬°á ³×Æ®¿öÅ©À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¸ðµç IP µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥Àº Ãâ¹ßÁö¿Í ¸ñÀûÁö ÁÖ¼Ò °ªÀ» °¡Áö°í º¸³»Áø´Ù.
<RFC1349¿¡¼ ±ÇÀåÇÏ´Â ¼ºñ½ºº° TOS ¼³Á¤°ª>
Application
|
Minimize
delay
|
Maximize
throughput
|
Maximize
reliability
|
Minimize
monetary
cost
|
Hex
value
|
Telnet/Rlogin
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0x10
|
FTP
|
|
|
|
|
|
control
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0x10
|
data
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0x08
|
any bulk data
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0x08
|
TFTP
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0x10
|
SMTP
|
|
|
|
|
|
command phase
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0x10
|
data phase
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0x08
|
DNS
|
|
|
|
|
|
UDP query
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0x10
|
TCP query
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0x00
|
zone transfer
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0x08
|
ICMP
|
|
|
|
|
|
error
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0x00
|
query
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0x00
|
any IGP
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0x04
|
SNMP
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0x04
|
BOOTP
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0x00
|
NNTP
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0x02
|